Growth Performance, Physiological Responses, and Histoarchitectural Changes in Juvenile Pangasianodon hypophthalmus under Different Environmental Salinities

Environmental salinity is an important abiotic factor that directly affects the growth, metabolism, osmoregulatory processes, and physiological performance of fish. Herein, effects long-term stress on juvenile Pangasianodon hypophthalmus have been evaluated. Fish were allotted in five triplicate groups exposed to different salinities (0.0, 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0‰) for 56 days. After exposure, final weight, weight gain percent, specific growth rate significantly decreased reared 8‰, 12‰, 16‰ salinities. The feed intake was also reduced raised water 12‰ compared with other groups. Conversely, conversion ratio values increased between 8‰ lowest survival rates observed at (91.1% 77.8%, respectively). Body moisture (%) decreased, while crude protein lipids ranging from 8.0‰ 16.0‰. Stress biomarkers (such as blood glucose, lactate, cortisol levels) oxidative indicators carbonyl proteins, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX)) control group, their highest levels group salinity. histoarchitectural changes among relation level. Moreover, scored histopathological lesions showed a significant increase control, scores reported (12‰ 16‰). Based fitting curves, present study suggests P. could tolerate up no mortalities; however, 4‰ more suitable little impact histology responses.